US-DRC Mining Deal: Who Benefits from the Partnership?

US-DRC Mining Partnership: Who Stands to Benefit?

The United States has expressed openness to exploring a resource-based partnership with the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), while Kinshasa seeks Washington’s support in its ongoing conflict against rebel groups controlling approximately 10% of its territory.

This development follows the DRC government’s recent announcement of plans to bolster its military through increased funding and weapon supplies.

Strategic Importance of DRC’s Mineral Wealth

The DRC is home to vast reserves of critical minerals, including cobalt, lithium, and uranium—resources essential for military, technological, and energy applications. However, the country has struggled with instability, largely due to rebel forces such as the M23, which is reportedly supported by Rwanda and has seized significant territories this year.

What Does DRC Seek from the US?

The Kinshasa government aims to grant American companies mining rights in exchange for military assistance, including training and equipment for the Congolese army. Late last month, the DRC formally invited US investors to explore opportunities in its untapped mineral reserves, estimated at $24 trillion in value.

“There is an intention to shift our partnerships,” government spokesperson Patrick Muyaya said. “If American investors are willing to come to the DRC, they will certainly have access to significant opportunities.”

A letter from the DRC government to the US Secretary of State specifically requested that former President Donald Trump be personally involved in discussions regarding this collaboration. It emphasized that a meeting between Trump and President Félix Tshisekedi would be crucial in advancing the partnership.

Tina Salama, spokesperson for President Tshisekedi, reinforced this appeal by stating that Kinshasa wants American companies to purchase minerals directly from DRC’s rightful owners rather than indirectly through Rwanda, where, according to Congolese officials, minerals are illegally transported.

Meanwhile, Rwandan authorities have denied allegations that their country benefits from DRC’s mineral wealth, arguing that Western and Chinese corporations are the primary beneficiaries. Rwanda has also repeatedly rejected claims of its support for the M23 rebel group.

US Response to DRC’s Proposal

Washington has expressed willingness to engage in discussions regarding a mining partnership. A US State Department spokesperson told Reuters that such collaboration aligns with the "America First" agenda of the Trump administration, recognizing DRC’s strategic position as a major source of essential minerals for advanced technologies.

“The US is committed to fostering responsible and transparent private-sector investment in the DRC’s mining industry,” the spokesperson said.

Will the DRC Truly Benefit from This Partnership?

Experts remain skeptical about whether this potential alliance will be advantageous for the DRC.

Timothy J. Oloo, a political science professor in Kenya and Tanzania, told the BBC that the Trump administration prioritizes American interests above all else.

“The US pursues its interests wherever they exist, regardless of the cost to others,” Oloo remarked. “If Washington moves forward with this deal, it won’t come as a peace broker but as a strategic actor seeking resources.”

Political analyst Justin Hunatabu, based in the DRC, shares this view. He argues that linking the country’s conflict to its mineral wealth oversimplifies the situation.

“I don’t agree with the idea that these wars are solely about minerals,” Hunatabu said. “Most of Africa’s resources flow to Western, European, and Chinese markets. If the US enters into mining agreements, it’s simply acting in its economic interest—not necessarily aiming to resolve Congo’s conflict.”

The Need for an African-Led Solution

Some analysts believe that external intervention will not bring lasting peace to the region. Timothy Oloo asserts that sustainable solutions must come from within Africa.

“Efforts to resolve the crisis are being undermined by continued hostilities on both sides,” he said. “With M23 strengthening its position and Kinshasa ramping up its military efforts, the prospects for peace remain bleak.”

According to Oloo, regional organizations such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the East African Community (EAC) must take the lead in finding a long-term resolution.

“The solution to Congo’s conflict will not come from Washington or Paris,” he stressed. “Like Sudan’s crisis, the resolution lies in African nations working together, fostering trust, and listening to those directly affected.”

The US, China, and the Race for Congo’s Resources

Unlike China, which has state-owned enterprises dominating the mining sector, the US currently lacks government-controlled mining companies operating in the DRC. If the US enters the Congolese market, it will be competing with well-established global players who have long sought to capitalize on the country’s vast mineral wealth.

As the battle over DRC’s resources intensifies, questions remain: Will Kinshasa be able to outmaneuver the M23 rebels? Can it restore stability and ensure that its mineral wealth benefits its own citizens rather than foreign entities?